I. Legal basis

• The Law on Artificial Intelligence 2025

II. Strictly prohibited acts in the use of Artificial Intelligence

Pursuant to Article 7 of the Law on Artificial Intelligence 2025, the following acts are strictly prohibited:

1. Acts of misappropriating identity and likeness via AI for fraudulent purposes (Deepfakes)

The rapid advancement of deepfake technology has enabled offenders to generate highly realistic video and audio content impersonating the likeness and voice of any individual. Vietnamese law strictly prohibits the use of such fabricated elements to intentionally and systematically deceive or manipulate human perception and behavior, thereby causing serious harm to the lawful rights and interests of organizations and individuals. The issue extends beyond direct economic losses arising from sophisticated fraud schemes, such as “video calls from relatives,” to a significant erosion of public trust in the authenticity of information and imagery in the digital environment.

From 1 March 2026, upon the entry into force of the Law on Artificial Intelligence 2025 (No. 134/2025/QH15), any organization or individual that develops, provides, deploys, or uses artificial intelligence systems to generate fabricated content (deepfakes) without affixing clearly visible identifiers (such as a watermark or explicit labeling) shall be deemed in violation of the law, particularly where such conduct is intended to deceive, manipulate, or cause harm. This provision contributes to the protection of personal rights, honor, and dignity of citizens, while maintaining public trust and ensuring order and safety in the digital environment, thereby establishing a transparent and sound legal framework for the sustainable development of artificial intelligence technology in Viet Nam.

2. The use of Artificial Intelligence to infringe upon national security and social order and safety

Artificial intelligence technology may be weaponized to analyze vulnerabilities in critical information infrastructure or to orchestrate large-scale political destabilization scenarios. The Law on Artificial Intelligence 2025 strictly prohibits the creation or dissemination of fabricated content capable of causing severe harm to national security.

Specifically, prohibited acts include the utilization of artificial intelligence systems to:

• Distort history; defame or slander leaders of the Party or the State, or high-ranking officials;
• Interfere with or influence electoral processes, state administrative management activities, or significant political events;
• Fabricate or disseminate untruthful information or counterfeit content intended to incite public anxiety, undermine national unity, or threaten socio-political stability.

Given the exponentially amplifying dissemination capabilities of artificial intelligence algorithms, such fabricated content may give rise to serious consequences, directly impacting real-life conditions, national security, and national sovereignty.

3. Unauthorized interference with personal data via AI Algorithms

Data is regarded as a key element for the training and operation of artificial intelligence systems. However, the protection of privacy and personal data constitutes a fundamental human right recognized and safeguarded by law.

The Law on Artificial Intelligence 2025 strictly prohibits the collection, processing, or use of data in contravention of legal provisions for the purposes of training, testing, or operating artificial intelligence systems. Specific prohibited acts include:

• Using algorithms or automated tools to collect personal information from social media platforms, websites, or other data sources without the consent of the data subject;
• Buying, selling, exchanging, or providing artificial intelligence training datasets containing sensitive information relating to health status, political opinions, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, or other categories of sensitive personal data as defined under the laws on personal data protection;
• Using artificial intelligence systems to infer, reconstruct, or derive private information about an individual that has not been provided by the data subject, and subsequently using such information for advertising, discriminatory practices, credit assessment, recruitment, or any other purposes that cause harm to the lawful rights and interests of the individual.

4. Mass dissemination of misinformation and false news via Artificial Intelligence

One of the most significant challenges posed by generative artificial intelligence is the phenomenon of “hallucination” and its capacity to produce and disseminate false information (fake news) on a large scale, rapidly and with limited controllability.

The Law on Artificial Intelligence 2025 expressly provides that the exploitation of artificial intelligence systems to create or disseminate fake news or false information that causes public alarm, adversely affects social order and safety, or results in serious harm to the socio-economic order is strictly prohibited.

This provision is of particular significance for sensitive sectors such as finance and banking, and healthcare. The use of artificial intelligence to generate large volumes of fabricated content, for instance information regarding the collapse of a credit institution or the purported “miraculous” efficacy of an unverified pharmaceutical product, may trigger market disruption, undermine investor confidence, or directly endanger public health and life. Legal sanctions apply not only to organizations and individuals that directly create and disseminate such fabricated content, but also to intermediary platforms where they fail to implement the necessary technical and managerial measures to prevent, detect, and promptly address violations in accordance with applicable law.

5. The use of Artificial Intelligence to generate harmful content and Infringe upon good customs and traditions

Artificial intelligence possesses the capability to generate cultural and artistic content at remarkable speed. However, the misuse of artificial intelligence to produce pornographic or violent content, or other products that contravene the ethical values and cultural traditions of the Vietnamese nation, is strictly prohibited. The Law further emphasizes the prohibition against exploiting artificial intelligence to take advantage of vulnerabilities of susceptible groups, including children and persons with disabilities. The use of artificial intelligence to develop games or applications that are addictive, psychologically manipulative toward children, or that promote deviant behavior falls within the scope of these prohibitory provisions.

III. Conclusion

It can be observed that the promulgation and implementation of the Law on Artificial Intelligence 2025, effective from 1 March 2026, marks a significant shift in Viet Nam’s legislative approach from passive regulation to proactive risk control with respect to emerging technologies. The clear delineation of strictly prohibited acts serves not only to safeguard human rights, national security, and social order, but also to establish a transparent “legal boundary” for the research, development, and application of artificial intelligence.

In the context of the increasingly pervasive integration of artificial intelligence across all sectors, compliance with the law is no longer optional but constitutes a mandatory obligation for all individuals and organizations. Accordingly, relevant entities should proactively review their operations, refine data governance processes, strengthen algorithmic risk controls, and enhance accountability mechanisms to ensure conformity with applicable legal requirements.

In the long term, full compliance not only serves to mitigate legal risks but also contributes to building market trust and fostering the development of a sustainable, transparent, and human-centric artificial intelligence ecosystem.

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